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电子书籍网站开发,通栏式网站,服务网站建设企业,企业网搭建及应用让类型系统为你保驾护航declare(strict_types1);function calculatePriceWithTax(float $price, float $taxRate): float {return $price * (1 $taxRate);}优势#xff1a;类型错误会立即显现#xff0c;而不是在后期才出现并难以追踪。使用空值合并和空安全操作符简化空值检…让类型系统为你保驾护航declare(strict_types1);function calculatePriceWithTax(float $price, float $taxRate): float {return $price * (1 $taxRate);}优势类型错误会立即显现而不是在后期才出现并难以追踪。使用空值合并和空安全操作符简化空值检查// 空值合并$username $_GET[user] ?? guest;// 空安全操作符$street $order?-customer?-address?-street;// 空值合并赋值$config[timeout] ?? 30;使用 match 替代 switch更简洁的条件分支$statusText match ($statusCode) {200, 201 成功,400 错误请求,404 未找到,500 服务器错误,default 未知状态,};使用箭头函数简化回调$prices [12.5, 10.0, 3.5];$pricesWithTax array_map(fn($price) round($price * 1.11, 2), $prices);数组辅助函数// 从用户数组中提取邮箱$emails array_column($users, email);// 按ID索引$indexedById array_column($users, null, id);// 计算购物车总价$total array_reduce($cart,fn($sum, $item) $sum $item[quantity] * $item[price],0.0);使用 filter_var 验证输入$email filter_var($_POST[email] ?? , FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);$ip filter_var($_SERVER[REMOTE_ADDR] ?? , FILTER_VALIDATE_IP);if (!$email) { /* 处理邮箱格式错误 */ }安全的字符串处理// 去除空白字符$name trim((string)($_POST[name] ?? ));// 安全比较防止时序攻击if (hash_equals($knownToken, $providedToken)) {// 验证通过继续执行}使用 DateTimeImmutable 处理日期$timezone new DateTimeZone(Asia/Shanghai);$now new DateTimeImmutable(now, $timezone);// 计算两天后的上午9点$deliveryTime $now-modify(2 days)-setTime(9, 0);使用生成器处理大文件/*** 读取CSV文件生成器* param string $filePath CSV文件路径* return Generator 返回生成器每次yield一行数据* throws RuntimeException 当文件无法打开时抛出异常*/function readCsvFile(string $filePath): Generator {$handle fopen($filePath, r);if (!$handle) {throw new RuntimeException(无法打开文件: $filePath);}try {while (($row fgetcsv($handle)) ! false) {yield $row;}} finally {fclose($handle);}}// 使用示例foreach (readCsvFile(/path/to/orders.csv) as [$id, $email, $amount]) {// 处理每一行数据}使用 PDO 预处理语句和事务// 数据库连接配置$dbConfig [host localhost,dbname shop,charset utf8mb4,username username,password password];// 创建PDO实例$dsn mysql:host{$dbConfig[host]};dbname{$dbConfig[dbname]};charset{$dbConfig[charset]};$pdo new PDO($dsn, $dbConfig[username], $dbConfig[password], [PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, // 设置错误模式为异常PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, // 设置默认获取模式为关联数组PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES false, // 禁用预处理语句的模拟]);$pdo-beginTransaction();try {$stmt $pdo-prepare(INSERT INTO orders (email, amount) VALUES (:email, :amount));foreach ($orders as $order) {$stmt-execute([:email $order[email],:amount $order[amount]]);}$pdo-commit();} catch (Throwable $e) {$pdo-rollBack();throw $e;}使用 Composer 自动加载在 composer.json 中配置{autoload: {psr-4: {App\\: src/}}}运行 composer dump-autoload 使配置生效。使用属性PHP 8#[Attribute]class Route {public function __construct(public string $method,public string $path) {}}#[Route(GET, /health-check)]function healthCheck(): array {return [status 成功];}使用 SPL 迭代器$dir new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(__DIR__ . /logs);$iterator new RecursiveIteratorIterator($dir);foreach ($iterator as $path $fileInfo) {if ($fileInfo-isFile() str_ends_with($path, .log)) {// 处理日志文件内容}}使用特定的异常类型/*** 订单未找到异常*/class OrderNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {}function getOrder(PDO $db, int $orderId): array {$stmt $db-prepare(SELECT * FROM orders WHERE id :id);$stmt-execute([:id $orderId]);$row $stmt-fetch();if (!$row) {throw new OrderNotFoundException(Order with ID $orderId not found);}return $row;}创建命令行脚本#!/usr/bin/env php?phpdeclare(strict_types1);$options getopt(, [path:]);$filePath $options[path] ?? input.csv;foreach (readCsvFile($filePath) as $row) {// 处理每一行}实战示例CSV 导入数据库$db-beginTransaction();$stmt $db-prepare(INSERT INTO orders (id, email, amount, created_at) VALUES (:id, :email, :amount, :created_at));$batch 0;foreach (readCsvFile(orders.csv) as $lineNumber $row) {if ($lineNumber 0) continue; // 跳过CSV文件的标题行[$id, $email, $amount, $createdAt] $row;// 数据验证$email filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);$amount is_numeric($amount) ? (float)$amount : null;if (!$email || $amount null) {// 记录无效数据行error_log(第 {$lineNumber} 行数据无效: . json_encode($row));continue;}// 日期时间格式化$timezone new DateTimeZone(Asia/Shanghai);$createdAt (new DateTimeImmutable($createdAt, $timezone))-format(Y-m-d H:i:s);// 执行数据库插入$stmt-execute([:id (int)$id,:email $email,:amount $amount,:created_at $createdAt,]);// 每处理1000条记录提交一次事务if (($batch % 1000) 0) {$db-commit();$db-beginTransaction();}}$db-commit();总结这些技巧可以帮助你编写更健壮的代码