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怎么做网站主页,做的好的购物网站,公司做网站需要什么资料,phpcms门户网站一、Helm概述 helm通过打包的方式#xff0c;支持发布的版本管理和控制#xff0c;很大程度上简化了Kubernetes应用的部署和管理。 Helm本质就是让k8s的应用管理#xff08;Deployment、Service等#xff09;可配置#xff0c;能动态生成。通过动态生成K8S资源清单文支持发布的版本管理和控制很大程度上简化了Kubernetes应用的部署和管理。Helm本质就是让k8s的应用管理Deployment、Service等可配置能动态生成。通过动态生成K8S资源清单文deployment.yaml、service.yaml。然后kubectl自动调用K8S资源部署。对于K8s来说应用资源配置可以定义为K8s API对象包括DeploymentNamespaceService PVPersistent Volumes和PVCPersistentVolumeClaims等等。通常一个应用的部署会涉及很多资源的共同协作用户会定义这些API对象到一系列Yaml文件中然后通过kubectl来逐一进行部署。Helm 组件及相关术语Helm是官方提供类似于YUM的包管理是部署环境的流程封装Helm有三个重要的概念chart、release和RepositoryHelmHelm 是一个命令行下的客户端工具。主要用于 Kubernetes 应用程序 Chart 的创建、打包、发布以及创建和管理本地和远程的 Chart 仓库。TillerTiller 是 Helm 的服务端部署在 Kubernetes 集群中。Tiller 用于接收 Helm 的请求并根据 Chart 生成 Kubernetes 的部署文件 Helm 称为 Release 然后提交给 Kubernetes 创建应用。Tiller 还提供了 Release 的升级、删除、回滚等一系列功能。ChartHelm 的软件包采用 TAR 格式。类似于 APT 的 DEB 包或者 YUM 的 RPM 包其包含了一组定义 Kubernetes 资源相关的 YAML 文件。Chart有特定的文件目录结构如果开发者想自定义一个新的 Chart只需要使用Helm create命令生成一个目录结构即可进行开发。RepoistoryHelm 的软件仓库Repository 本质上是一个 Web 服务器该服务器保存了一系列的 Chart 软件包以供用户下载并且提供了一个该 Repository 的 Chart 包的清单文件以供查询。Helm 可以同时管理多个不同的 Repository 官方仓库的地址是https://hub.helm.sh。Release使用 helm install 命令在 Kubernetes 集群中部署的 Chart 称为 Release。二、Helm部署安装[rootk8s-master01 ~]# mkdir helm [rootk8s-master01 helm]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.14.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz [rootk8s-master01 helm]# tar -zxvf helm-v3.14.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz [rootk8s-master01 helm]# cd linux-amd64/ [rootk8s-master01 linux-amd64]# cp helm /usr/local/bin/ [rootk8s-master01 linux-amd64]# echo source (helm completion bash) ~/.bashrc [rootk8s-master01 linux-amd64]# source ~/.bashrcchart库配置使用helm search搜索官方helm hub chart库helm search hub nginx添加第三方Chart库helm repo add aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami查看Chart库helm repo list从仓库中查找指定chart的名字helm search repo nginxHelm命令命令字中文释义作用completion完成生成特定Shell的自动补全脚本create创建使用给定的名称创建新图表dependency依赖管理图表的依赖关系env环境Helm客户端环境信息get获取下载已命名发布的扩展信息help帮助关于任何命令的帮助history历史获取发布历史记录install安装安装图表lint检查检查图表可能存在的问题list列表列出发布package打包将图表目录打包成图表存档plugin插件安装、列出或卸载Helm插件pull拉取从存储库下载图表并可选在本地目录中解包push推送将图表推送到远程存储库registry注册表登录或注销注册表repo仓库添加、列出、删除、更新和索引图表存储库rollback回滚将发布回滚到先前版本search搜索在图表中搜索关键字show显示显示图表的信息status状态显示指定发布的状态template模板本地渲染模板test测试运行发布的测试uninstall卸载卸载发布upgrade升级升级发布verify验证验证给定路径的图表已签名并且有效version版本打印客户端版本信息三、Helm Chart 详解chart目录结构# 通过helm create命令创建一个新的chart包 [rootk8s-master01 helm]# helm create nginx Creating nginx [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# tree . ├── charts ├── Chart.yaml ├── templates │ ├── deployment.yaml │ ├── _helpers.tpl │ ├── hpa.yaml │ ├── ingress.yaml │ ├── NOTES.txt │ ├── serviceaccount.yaml │ ├── service.yaml │ └── tests │ └── test-connection.yaml └── values.yaml 3 directories, 10 files ####目录结构解析#### nginx/ ├── charts #依赖其他包的charts文件 ├── Chart.yaml # 该chart的描述文件,包括ico地址,版本信息等 ├── templates # #存放k8s模板文件目录 │ ├── deployment.yaml # 创建k8s资源的yaml 模板 │ ├── _helpers.tpl # 下划线开头的文件,可以被其他模板引用 │ ├── hpa.yaml # 弹性扩缩容配置服务资源CPU 内存 │ ├── ingress.yaml # ingress 配合service域名访问的配置 │ ├── NOTES.txt # 说明文件,helm install之后展示给用户看的内容 │ ├── serviceaccount.yaml # 服务账号配置 │ ├── service.yaml # kubernetes Serivce yaml 模板 │ └── tests # 测试模块 │ └── test-connection.yaml └── values.yaml # 给模板文件使用的变量部署Nginx应用[rootk8s-master01 nginx-helm]# helm pull bitnami/nginx --version 15.3.5 [rootk8s-master01 nginx-helm]# ls nginx-15.3.5.tgz [rootk8s-master01 nginx-helm]# tar xf nginx-15.3.5.tgz [rootk8s-master01 nginx-helm]# ls nginx nginx-15.3.5.tgz [rootk8s-master01 nginx-helm]# cd nginx [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# vim values.yaml 532 service: 533 ## param service.type Service type 534 ## 535 type: ClusterIP 536 ## param service.ports.http Service HTTP port 537 ## param service.ports.https Service HTTPS port 538 ## 539 ports: 540 http: 80 541 https: 443 ###安装chart### [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# helm install nginx-server . NAME: nginx-server LAST DEPLOYED: Sat Feb 3 15:57:33 2024 NAMESPACE: default STATUS: deployed REVISION: 1 TEST SUITE: None NOTES: CHART NAME: nginx CHART VERSION: 15.3.5 APP VERSION: 1.25.3 ** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed ** NGINX can be accessed through the following DNS name from within your cluster: nginx-server.default.svc.cluster.local (port 80) To access NGINX from outside the cluster, follow the steps below: 1. Get the NGINX URL by running these commands: export SERVICE_PORT$(kubectl get --namespace default -o jsonpath{.spec.ports[0].port} services nginx-server) kubectl port-forward --namespace default svc/nginx-server ${SERVICE_PORT}:${SERVICE_PORT} echo http://127.0.0.1:${SERVICE_PORT} ####查看pod和service### [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get deployments.apps NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE nginx-deploy 3/3 3 3 23h nginx-deploy1 3/3 3 3 22h nginx-deploy2 3/3 3 3 22h nginx-server 1/1 1 1 56s [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-7ph78 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-dswvq 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-vk9vg 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-7dfrd 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-d2hd7 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-pfvhn 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-2jl74 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-h67n6 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-wfcmw 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 22h nginx-server-ff5765f8-4wbms 1/1 Running 0 2m5s pod-controller-qk5jl 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 19h pod-controller-scsxt 1/1 Running 1 (151m ago) 19h [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.10.0.1 none 443/TCP 14d nginx-server ClusterIP 10.10.127.16 none 80/TCP 2m32s nginx-svc ClusterIP 10.10.83.76 none 80/TCP 23h nginx-svc1 LoadBalancer 10.10.168.131 192.168.115.167 80:31261/TCP 22h nginx-svc2 NodePort 10.10.14.245 none 80:31110/TCP 22h ####测试访问### [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# curl 10.10.127.16 !DOCTYPE html html head titleWelcome to nginx!/title style html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } /style /head body h1Welcome to nginx!/h1 pIf you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required./p pFor online documentation and support please refer to a hrefhttp://nginx.org/nginx.org/a.br/ Commercial support is available at a hrefhttp://nginx.com/nginx.com/a./p pemThank you for using nginx./em/p /body /html四、升级与回滚修改配置文件[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# vim values.yaml 123 replicaCount: 3 124 ## param revisionHistoryLimit The number of old history to retain to allow rollback 125 ##升级[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# helm upgrade nginx-server查看升级结果[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get pod [rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-7ph78 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-dswvq 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-vk9vg 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-7dfrd 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-d2hd7 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-pfvhn 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 23h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-2jl74 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-h67n6 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-wfcmw 1/1 Running 1 (166m ago) 22h nginx-server-ff5765f8-4p6sh 1/1 Running 0 31s nginx-server-ff5765f8-4wbms 1/1 Running 0 16m nginx-server-ff5765f8-lnkkg 1/1 Running 0 31s查看记录[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# helm history nginx-server REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION DESCRIPTION 1 Sat Feb 3 15:57:33 2024 superseded nginx-15.3.5 1.25.3 Install complete 2 Sat Feb 3 16:13:44 2024 deployed nginx-15.3.5 1.25.3 Upgrade complete回滚[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# helm rollback nginx-server 1验证回滚[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-7ph78 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-dswvq 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy-5f87d95c-vk9vg 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-7dfrd 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-d2hd7 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy1-c8d58b5c7-pfvhn 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 23h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-2jl74 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-h67n6 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 22h nginx-deploy2-db98bd9d9-wfcmw 1/1 Running 1 (170m ago) 22h nginx-server-ff5765f8-lnkkg 1/1 Running 0 4m44s卸载[rootk8s-master01 nginx]# helm uninstall nginx-server