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网站结构有哪些类型,新东方教育培训机构,图片头像设计制作,老的网站为什么要改版新网站Java与操作系统常用命令交互全解析第一章#xff1a;Java执行操作系统命令的核心API1.1 Runtime.exec() 方法详解Runtime.exec() 是Java执行外部命令最直接的方式#xff0c;有6个重载版本#xff1a;java// 最常用的四种形式 public Process exec(String command) public P…Java与操作系统常用命令交互全解析第一章Java执行操作系统命令的核心API1.1 Runtime.exec() 方法详解Runtime.exec() 是Java执行外部命令最直接的方式有6个重载版本java// 最常用的四种形式 public Process exec(String command) public Process exec(String[] cmdarray) public Process exec(String command, String[] envp) public Process exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp) public Process exec(String command, String[] envp, File dir) public Process exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp, File dir)基本使用示例javaimport java.io.*; public class RuntimeExecExample { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // 执行简单命令 Process process Runtime.getRuntime().exec(ls -la); // 读取命令输出 BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()) ); String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { System.out.println(line); } // 等待命令执行完成 int exitCode process.waitFor(); System.out.println(Exit code: exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }1.2 ProcessBuilder 类详解ProcessBuilder 提供了更灵活、更安全的命令执行方式javapublic class ProcessBuilderExample { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // 创建ProcessBuilder实例 ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(); // 设置命令和参数推荐方式避免注入风险 pb.command(ls, -la, /home); // 设置工作目录 pb.directory(new File(/home/user)); // 重定向错误流到标准输出 pb.redirectErrorStream(true); // 环境变量操作 MapString, String env pb.environment(); env.put(JAVA_HOME, /usr/lib/jvm/java-11); env.put(PATH, env.get(PATH) :/usr/local/bin); // 启动进程 Process process pb.start(); // 处理输出 try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) { String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { System.out.println(line); } } // 获取退出码 int exitCode process.waitFor(); System.out.println(Process exited with code: exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }第二章跨平台命令执行解决方案2.1 平台检测与适配javapublic class PlatformUtils { public enum OS { WINDOWS, LINUX, MAC, SOLARIS, UNKNOWN } public static OS getOperatingSystem() { String osName System.getProperty(os.name).toLowerCase(); if (osName.contains(win)) { return OS.WINDOWS; } else if (osName.contains(nix) || osName.contains(nux) || osName.contains(aix)) { return OS.LINUX; } else if (osName.contains(mac)) { return OS.MAC; } else if (osName.contains(sunos)) { return OS.SOLARIS; } else { return OS.UNKNOWN; } } public static String getShell() { OS os getOperatingSystem(); switch (os) { case WINDOWS: return cmd.exe; case LINUX: case MAC: case SOLARIS: return /bin/bash; default: return /bin/sh; } } public static String[] buildCommand(String command) { OS os getOperatingSystem(); if (os OS.WINDOWS) { return new String[]{cmd.exe, /c, command}; } else { return new String[]{/bin/bash, -c, command}; } } }2.2 通用命令执行器实现javapublic class CommandExecutor { /** * 执行命令并返回结果 */ public static CommandResult execute(String command) throws IOException, InterruptedException { return execute(command, null, null); } /** * 执行命令带环境变量和工作目录 */ public static CommandResult execute(String command, MapString, String env, File workingDir) throws IOException, InterruptedException { ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(); // 根据平台构建命令 String[] cmdArray PlatformUtils.buildCommand(command); pb.command(cmdArray); // 设置环境变量 if (env ! null !env.isEmpty()) { MapString, String processEnv pb.environment(); processEnv.putAll(env); } // 设置工作目录 if (workingDir ! null) { pb.directory(workingDir); } // 重定向错误流 pb.redirectErrorStream(true); // 启动进程 Process process pb.start(); // 读取输出 StringBuilder output new StringBuilder(); StringBuilder error new StringBuilder(); try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); BufferedReader errorReader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) { // 读取标准输出 String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { output.append(line).append(System.lineSeparator()); } // 读取错误输出 while ((line errorReader.readLine()) ! null) { error.append(line).append(System.lineSeparator()); } } // 等待进程结束 int exitCode process.waitFor(); return new CommandResult(exitCode, output.toString(), error.toString()); } /** * 异步执行命令 */ public static CompletableFutureCommandResult executeAsync(String command) { return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() - { try { return execute(command); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(Command execution failed, e); } }); } /** * 命令执行结果封装类 */ public static class CommandResult { private final int exitCode; private final String output; private final String error; public CommandResult(int exitCode, String output, String error) { this.exitCode exitCode; this.output output; this.error error; } // Getter方法 public int getExitCode() { return exitCode; } public String getOutput() { return output; } public String getError() { return error; } public boolean isSuccess() { return exitCode 0; } } }第三章常用操作系统命令分类实现3.1 文件系统操作命令javapublic class FileSystemCommands { /** * 列出目录内容跨平台 */ public static ListString listDirectory(String path) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command dir \ path \; } else { command ls -la \ path \; } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { return Arrays.asList(result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator())); } else { throw new IOException(Failed to list directory: result.getError()); } } /** * 复制文件或目录 */ public static boolean copy(String source, String destination) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command copy \ source \ \ destination \; } else { command cp -r \ source \ \ destination \; } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.isSuccess(); } /** * 删除文件或目录 */ public static boolean delete(String path, boolean recursive) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { if (recursive) { command rmdir /s /q \ path \; } else { command del \ path \; } } else { if (recursive) { command rm -rf \ path \; } else { command rm \ path \; } } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.isSuccess(); } /** * 创建目录 */ public static boolean createDirectory(String path, boolean createParent) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { if (createParent) { command mkdir \ path \; } else { command mkdir \ path \; } } else { if (createParent) { command mkdir -p \ path \; } else { command mkdir \ path \; } } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.isSuccess(); } /** * 获取文件信息 */ public static MapString, String getFileInfo(String filePath) throws IOException, InterruptedException { MapString, String info new HashMap(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() ! PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { // Linux/Mac系统使用stat命令 String command stat \ filePath \; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.contains(Size:)) { info.put(size, line.split(:)[1].trim()); } else if (line.contains(Access:)) { info.put(permissions, line.split(:)[1].trim()); } else if (line.contains(Modify:)) { info.put(modified, line.split(:)[1].trim()); } } } } return info; } }3.2 系统信息查询命令javapublic class SystemInfoCommands { /** * 获取系统内存信息 */ public static MemoryInfo getMemoryInfo() throws IOException, InterruptedException { MemoryInfo info new MemoryInfo(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { // Windows系统 String command wmic OS get TotalVisibleMemorySize,FreePhysicalMemory /value; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.startsWith(TotalVisibleMemorySize)) { info.totalMemory Long.parseLong(line.split()[1].trim()) * 1024; } else if (line.startsWith(FreePhysicalMemory)) { info.freeMemory Long.parseLong(line.split()[1].trim()) * 1024; } } info.usedMemory info.totalMemory - info.freeMemory; } } else { // Linux/Mac系统 String command free -b; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); if (lines.length 1) { String[] memLine lines[1].split(\\s); if (memLine.length 6) { info.totalMemory Long.parseLong(memLine[1]); info.usedMemory Long.parseLong(memLine[2]); info.freeMemory Long.parseLong(memLine[3]); } } } } return info; } /** * 获取CPU信息 */ public static CpuInfo getCpuInfo() throws IOException, InterruptedException { CpuInfo info new CpuInfo(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String command wmic cpu get NumberOfCores,NumberOfLogicalProcessors,Name /value; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.startsWith(NumberOfCores)) { info.cores Integer.parseInt(line.split()[1].trim()); } else if (line.startsWith(NumberOfLogicalProcessors)) { info.logicalProcessors Integer.parseInt(line.split()[1].trim()); } else if (line.startsWith(Name)) { info.model line.split()[1].trim(); } } } } else { String command lscpu; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.startsWith(CPU(s):)) { info.logicalProcessors Integer.parseInt(line.split(:)[1].trim()); } else if (line.startsWith(Model name:)) { info.model line.split(:)[1].trim(); } else if (line.startsWith(Core(s) per socket:)) { info.coresPerSocket Integer.parseInt(line.split(:)[1].trim()); } } } } return info; } /** * 获取磁盘使用情况 */ public static ListDiskInfo getDiskInfo() throws IOException, InterruptedException { ListDiskInfo disks new ArrayList(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String command wmic logicaldisk get size,freespace,caption; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (int i 1; i lines.length; i) { String[] parts lines[i].trim().split(\\s); if (parts.length 3) { DiskInfo disk new DiskInfo(); disk.drive parts[0]; disk.totalSpace Long.parseLong(parts[1]); disk.freeSpace Long.parseLong(parts[2]); disks.add(disk); } } } } else { String command df -B1; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (int i 1; i lines.length; i) { String[] parts lines[i].trim().split(\\s); if (parts.length 6) { DiskInfo disk new DiskInfo(); disk.filesystem parts[0]; disk.totalSpace Long.parseLong(parts[1]); disk.usedSpace Long.parseLong(parts[2]); disk.freeSpace Long.parseLong(parts[3]); disk.mountPoint parts[5]; disks.add(disk); } } } } return disks; } /** * 信息封装类 */ public static class MemoryInfo { public long totalMemory; public long usedMemory; public long freeMemory; public double getUsedPercentage() { return totalMemory 0 ? (double) usedMemory / totalMemory * 100 : 0; } } public static class CpuInfo { public String model; public int cores; public int logicalProcessors; public int coresPerSocket; } public static class DiskInfo { public String drive; public String filesystem; public String mountPoint; public long totalSpace; public long usedSpace; public long freeSpace; public double getUsagePercentage() { return totalSpace 0 ? (double) usedSpace / totalSpace * 100 : 0; } } }3.3 进程管理命令javapublic class ProcessManagementCommands { /** * 获取进程列表 */ public static ListProcessInfo getProcessList() throws IOException, InterruptedException { ListProcessInfo processes new ArrayList(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String command wmic process get ProcessId,Name,CommandLine /format:csv; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.contains(Node,)) continue; // 跳过标题行 String[] parts line.split(,); if (parts.length 4) { ProcessInfo info new ProcessInfo(); info.pid Integer.parseInt(parts[parts.length - 3].trim()); info.name parts[parts.length - 2].trim(); info.commandLine parts[parts.length - 1].trim(); processes.add(info); } } } } else { String command ps aux; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String[] lines result.getOutput().split(System.lineSeparator()); for (int i 1; i lines.length; i) { String[] parts lines[i].trim().split(\\s, 11); if (parts.length 11) { ProcessInfo info new ProcessInfo(); info.user parts[0]; info.pid Integer.parseInt(parts[1]); info.cpu Float.parseFloat(parts[2]); info.memory Float.parseFloat(parts[3]); info.command parts[10]; processes.add(info); } } } } return processes; } /** * 终止进程 */ public static boolean killProcess(int pid, boolean force) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { if (force) { command taskkill /F /PID pid; } else { command taskkill /PID pid; } } else { if (force) { command kill -9 pid; } else { command kill pid; } } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.isSuccess(); } /** * 查找特定进程 */ public static ListProcessInfo findProcessByName(String name) throws IOException, InterruptedException { ListProcessInfo allProcesses getProcessList(); ListProcessInfo foundProcesses new ArrayList(); for (ProcessInfo process : allProcesses) { if (process.name.toLowerCase().contains(name.toLowerCase()) || process.command.toLowerCase().contains(name.toLowerCase())) { foundProcesses.add(process); } } return foundProcesses; } /** * 进程信息封装类 */ public static class ProcessInfo { public int pid; public String name; public String user; public float cpu; public float memory; public String command; public String commandLine; Override public String toString() { return String.format(PID: %d, Name: %s, CPU: %.1f%%, Memory: %.1f%%, pid, name, cpu, memory); } } }3.4 网络相关命令javapublic class NetworkCommands { /** * 测试网络连接 */ public static boolean ping(String host, int timeoutSeconds) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command String.format(ping -n 1 -w %d %s, timeoutSeconds * 1000, host); } else { command String.format(ping -c 1 -W %d %s, timeoutSeconds, host); } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.isSuccess() result.getOutput().contains(bytes from); } /** * 获取网络接口信息 */ public static ListNetworkInterfaceInfo getNetworkInterfaces() throws IOException, InterruptedException { ListNetworkInterfaceInfo interfaces new ArrayList(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String command ipconfig /all; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { // 解析Windows ipconfig输出 // 实现略根据需要添加解析逻辑 } } else { String command ifconfig -a; CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { // 解析Linux/Mac ifconfig输出 // 实现略根据需要添加解析逻辑 } } return interfaces; } /** * 端口检测 */ public static boolean isPortOpen(String host, int port, int timeout) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command String.format(powershell Test-NetConnection -ComputerName %s -Port %d -InformationLevel Quiet, host, port); } else { command String.format(timeout %d bash -c /dev/tcp/%s/%d echo open || echo closed, timeout, host, port); } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.getOutput().contains(open); } /** * 获取路由表 */ public static String getRoutingTable() throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command route print; } else { command netstat -rn; } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); return result.getOutput(); } /** * 网络接口信息封装类 */ public static class NetworkInterfaceInfo { public String name; public String macAddress; public ListString ipAddresses; public long bytesReceived; public long bytesSent; public boolean isUp; } }第四章高级应用与最佳实践4.1 流式命令输出处理javapublic class StreamingCommandExecutor { /** * 实时流式处理命令输出 */ public static void executeWithStreaming(String command, ConsumerString outputConsumer, ConsumerString errorConsumer) throws IOException, InterruptedException { ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(PlatformUtils.buildCommand(command)); pb.redirectErrorStream(false); Process process pb.start(); // 启动输出读取线程 Thread outputThread new Thread(() - { try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) { String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { outputConsumer.accept(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); // 启动错误读取线程 Thread errorThread new Thread(() - { try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) { String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { errorConsumer.accept(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); outputThread.start(); errorThread.start(); // 等待进程结束 int exitCode process.waitFor(); // 等待读取线程结束 outputThread.join(); errorThread.join(); System.out.println(Command exited with code: exitCode); } /** * 示例实时监控日志文件 */ public static void tailLogFile(String logPath, int lines) throws Exception { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command String.format(powershell Get-Content %s -Tail %d -Wait, logPath, lines); } else { command String.format(tail -f -n %d %s, lines, logPath); } executeWithStreaming(command, line - System.out.println([LOG] line), error - System.err.println([ERROR] error) ); } }4.2 命令执行超时控制javapublic class TimeoutCommandExecutor { /** * 带超时控制的命令执行 */ public static CommandResult executeWithTimeout(String command, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException { ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(PlatformUtils.buildCommand(command)); pb.redirectErrorStream(true); Process process pb.start(); // 读取输出的Future CompletableFutureString outputFuture CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() - { try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) { StringBuilder output new StringBuilder(); String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { output.append(line).append(System.lineSeparator()); } return output.toString(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } }); // 等待进程结束的Future CompletableFutureInteger exitCodeFuture CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() - { try { return process.waitFor(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } }); try { // 等待超时 String output outputFuture.get(timeout, unit); int exitCode exitCodeFuture.get(timeout, unit); return new CommandResult(exitCode, output, ); } catch (TimeoutException e) { // 超时后销毁进程 process.destroyForcibly(); throw new TimeoutException(Command execution timed out after timeout unit); } catch (ExecutionException e) { throw new IOException(Command execution failed, e.getCause()); } } }4.3 安全最佳实践javapublic class SecureCommandExecutor { /** * 安全的命令执行防止命令注入 */ public static CommandResult executeSecure(String[] cmdArray, MapString, String env, File workingDir) throws IOException, InterruptedException { // 验证命令参数 validateCommand(cmdArray); ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(); pb.command(cmdArray); if (env ! null) { // 清理环境变量 MapString, String safeEnv sanitizeEnvironment(env); pb.environment().putAll(safeEnv); } if (workingDir ! null) { // 验证工作目录 validateWorkingDirectory(workingDir); pb.directory(workingDir); } // 设置资源限制 pb.redirectErrorStream(true); return CommandExecutor.execute(String.join( , cmdArray), env ! null ? env : new HashMap(), workingDir); } private static void validateCommand(String[] cmdArray) throws IOException { if (cmdArray null || cmdArray.length 0) { throw new IOException(Command array cannot be null or empty); } // 检查命令是否存在Linux/Mac if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() ! PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String command cmdArray[0]; if (!command.startsWith(/)) { // 相对路径命令检查是否在PATH中 String whichCommand which command; try { CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(whichCommand); if (!result.isSuccess()) { throw new IOException(Command not found: command); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); throw new IOException(Command validation interrupted, e); } } } } private static MapString, String sanitizeEnvironment(MapString, String env) { MapString, String safeEnv new HashMap(); for (Map.EntryString, String entry : env.entrySet()) { String key entry.getKey(); String value entry.getValue(); // 过滤危险的变量名 if (!isDangerousEnvVar(key)) { // 清理变量值 safeEnv.put(key, sanitizeString(value)); } } return safeEnv; } private static boolean isDangerousEnvVar(String varName) { String[] dangerousVars {PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LD_PRELOAD, IFS}; return Arrays.asList(dangerousVars).contains(varName); } private static String sanitizeString(String input) { // 移除危险字符 return input.replaceAll([;|$], ); } private static void validateWorkingDirectory(File dir) throws IOException { if (!dir.exists()) { throw new IOException(Working directory does not exist: dir.getPath()); } if (!dir.isDirectory()) { throw new IOException(Path is not a directory: dir.getPath()); } if (!dir.canRead()) { throw new IOException(Cannot read working directory: dir.getPath()); } } }第五章实战应用示例5.1 系统监控工具实现javapublic class SystemMonitor { private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler; private MapString, ListDouble metricsHistory; public SystemMonitor() { scheduler Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2); metricsHistory new HashMap(); } /** * 开始监控 */ public void startMonitoring(long interval, TimeUnit unit) { scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::collectMetrics, 0, interval, unit); scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::reportMetrics, interval, interval, unit); } /** * 收集系统指标 */ private void collectMetrics() { try { // 收集CPU使用率 double cpuUsage getCpuUsage(); addMetric(cpu.usage, cpuUsage); // 收集内存使用率 SystemInfoCommands.MemoryInfo memInfo SystemInfoCommands.getMemoryInfo(); double memUsage memInfo.getUsedPercentage(); addMetric(memory.usage, memUsage); // 收集磁盘使用率 ListSystemInfoCommands.DiskInfo disks SystemInfoCommands.getDiskInfo(); for (SystemInfoCommands.DiskInfo disk : disks) { double diskUsage disk.getUsagePercentage(); addMetric(disk. disk.drive .usage, diskUsage); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(Failed to collect metrics: e.getMessage()); } } /** * 获取CPU使用率 */ private double getCpuUsage() throws IOException, InterruptedException { String command; if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { command wmic cpu get loadpercentage /value; } else { command top -bn1 | grep Cpu(s) | awk {print $2}; } CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(command); if (result.isSuccess()) { String output result.getOutput(); if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { String[] lines output.split(System.lineSeparator()); for (String line : lines) { if (line.startsWith(LoadPercentage)) { return Double.parseDouble(line.split()[1].trim()); } } } else { // 解析top命令输出 return Double.parseDouble(output.replace(%, ).trim()); } } return 0.0; } private void addMetric(String key, double value) { metricsHistory.computeIfAbsent(key, k - new ArrayList()).add(value); // 保持最近100个值 ListDouble history metricsHistory.get(key); if (history.size() 100) { history.remove(0); } } /** * 报告指标 */ private void reportMetrics() { System.out.println(\n System Metrics Report ); System.out.println(Time: new Date()); for (Map.EntryString, ListDouble entry : metricsHistory.entrySet()) { String key entry.getKey(); ListDouble values entry.getValue(); if (!values.isEmpty()) { double current values.get(values.size() - 1); double avg values.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).average().orElse(0); double max values.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).max().orElse(0); System.out.printf(%s: Current%.1f%%, Avg%.1f%%, Max%.1f%%%n, key, current, avg, max); } } System.out.println(\n); } /** * 停止监控 */ public void stop() { scheduler.shutdown(); try { if (!scheduler.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) { scheduler.shutdownNow(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { scheduler.shutdownNow(); Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } } }5.2 批量命令执行器javapublic class BatchCommandExecutor { /** * 批量执行命令 */ public static ListCommandResult executeBatch(ListString commands, int maxConcurrent) throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService executor Executors.newFixedThreadPool(maxConcurrent); ListCompletableFutureCommandResult futures new ArrayList(); for (String command : commands) { CompletableFutureCommandResult future CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() - { try { return CommandExecutor.execute(command); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { return new CommandResult(-1, , e.getMessage()); } }, executor); futures.add(future); } // 等待所有命令完成 CompletableFutureVoid allFutures CompletableFuture.allOf( futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]) ); allFutures.join(); executor.shutdown(); // 收集结果 ListCommandResult results new ArrayList(); for (CompletableFutureCommandResult future : futures) { try { results.add(future.get()); } catch (ExecutionException e) { results.add(new CommandResult(-1, , e.getMessage())); } } return results; } /** * 从文件读取命令并执行 */ public static ListCommandResult executeFromFile(String commandFile) throws IOException, InterruptedException { ListString commands Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(commandFile)); commands.removeIf(line - line.trim().isEmpty() || line.trim().startsWith(#)); return executeBatch(commands, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()); } }第六章常见问题与调试技巧6.1 常见问题解决javapublic class TroubleshootingGuide { /** * 诊断命令执行问题 */ public static void diagnoseCommandExecution(String command) { System.out.println(Diagnosing command: command); try { // 1. 检查命令是否存在 if (!isCommandAvailable(command)) { System.err.println(ERROR: Command not found or not executable); return; } // 2. 测试简单执行 ProcessBuilder pb new ProcessBuilder(PlatformUtils.buildCommand(echo test)); Process process pb.start(); int exitCode process.waitFor(); if (exitCode ! 0) { System.err.println(ERROR: Basic command execution failed); return; } // 3. 测试目标命令 pb new ProcessBuilder(PlatformUtils.buildCommand(command)); pb.redirectErrorStream(true); process pb.start(); // 读取输出 try (BufferedReader reader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) { System.out.println(Command output:); String line; while ((line reader.readLine()) ! null) { System.out.println( line); } } exitCode process.waitFor(); System.out.println(Exit code: exitCode); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { System.err.println(Exception: e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } private static boolean isCommandAvailable(String command) { try { if (PlatformUtils.getOperatingSystem() PlatformUtils.OS.WINDOWS) { CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(where command.split( )[0]); return result.isSuccess(); } else { CommandResult result CommandExecutor.execute(which command.split( )[0]); return result.isSuccess(); } } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } /** * 获取详细错误信息 */ public static String getDetailedErrorInfo(Process process) { StringBuilder errorInfo new StringBuilder(); try (BufferedReader errorReader new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) { String line; while ((line errorReader.readLine()) ! null) { errorInfo.append(line).append(\n); } } catch (IOException e) { errorInfo.append(Failed to read error stream: ).append(e.getMessage()); } return errorInfo.toString(); } }总结本文详细介绍了Java执行操作系统命令的各个方面涵盖了从基础API使用到高级应用的完整知识体系。主要内容包括核心APIRuntime.exec()和ProcessBuilder的详细用法跨平台解决方案如何编写在不同操作系统上都能工作的代码常用命令分类实现文件系统、系统信息、进程管理、网络命令高级特性流式处理、超时控制、安全实践实战应用系统监控工具、批量命令执行器问题诊断常见问题解决和调试技巧关键要点优先使用ProcessBuilder它比Runtime.exec()更安全、更灵活始终处理输出流避免进程阻塞实现超时控制防止长时间运行的命令验证用户输入防止命令注入攻击使用合适的线程模型对于长时间运行或需要实时输出的命令性能建议对于批量命令执行使用线程池提高效率缓存频繁使用的命令结果使用异步执行避免阻塞主线程合理设置缓冲区大小避免内存问题通过掌握这些技术您可以构建强大、可靠、安全的系统管理和自动化工具充分利用操作系统功能的同时保持Java应用的可移植性和健壮性。