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日志处理器文件控制台 handlers 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler # Catalina主日志核心 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level INFO 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory /data/logs/tomcat # 定向到挂载磁盘 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix catalina 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.formatter java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding UTF-8 # 控制台日志标准格式 java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level INFO java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding UTF-8 # Localhost日志 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level INFO 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory /data/logs/tomcat 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix localhost 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.formatter java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter 2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding UTF-8 # Manager/Host-Manager日志 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level INFO 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory /data/logs/tomcat 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix manager 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.formatter java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter 3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding UTF-8 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level INFO 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory /data/logs/tomcat 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix host-manager 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.formatter java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding UTF-8 # 标准日志格式定义 # 格式[日期 时间] [日志级别] 消息内容 java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter.format [%1$tF %1$tT] [%4$-7s] %5$s %n3. 重启Tomcat生效systemctl restart tomcat4. 验证日志输出# 查看日志是否生成ls-l /data/logs/tomcat/# 查看日志格式是否符合标准cat/data/logs/tomcat/catalina.out|head-10标准日志示例[2025-07-10 15:30:00] [INFO ] Initializing ProtocolHandler [http-nio-8080] [2025-07-10 15:30:00] [INFO ] Starting service [Catalina] [2025-07-10 15:30:00] [INFO ] Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.85]五、配置Crontab自动备份日志重载Tomcat1. 创建备份脚本通用vim/usr/local/bin/tomcat_log_backup.sh2. 脚本内容带容错日志#!/bin/bash# 适配Ubuntu/Rocky Linux备份Tomcat日志到NAS并重载Tomcat# 脚本日志文件BACKUP_LOG/var/log/tomcat_log_backup.log# 源日志目录SRC_DIR/data/logs/tomcat# NAS备份目录按主机名年月_日分层HOST_NAME$(hostname)YEAR$(date%Y)DATE_DIR$(date%m_%d)DEST_DIR/nas/logs/${HOST_NAME}/${YEAR}/${DATE_DIR}# 日志输出函数log(){echo[$(date%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)]$1${BACKUP_LOG}}# 检查源目录是否存在if[!-d${SRC_DIR}];thenlogERROR: 源日志目录${SRC_DIR}不存在exit1fi# 创建备份目录递归创建mkdir-p${DEST_DIR}if[$?-ne0];thenlogERROR: 创建备份目录${DEST_DIR}失败exit1fi# 备份日志保留源文件rsync增量备份rsync-avz --exclude*.tmp--exclude*.lock${SRC_DIR}/${DEST_DIR}/if[$?-eq0];thenlogSUCCESS: 日志备份到${DEST_DIR}完成elselogERROR: 日志备份失败exit1fi# 重载Tomcat服务平滑重启避免业务中断systemctl reload tomcatif[$?-eq0];thenlogSUCCESS: Tomcat服务重载完成elselogERROR: Tomcat服务重载失败exit1fi# 可选清理7天前的备份根据NAS容量调整find/nas/logs/${HOST_NAME}/${YEAR}/ -type d -mtime 7 -execrm-rf{}\;logINFO: 7天前的备份日志已清理若有exit03. 赋予脚本执行权限chmodx /usr/local/bin/tomcat_log_backup.sh4. 测试脚本确保无报错/usr/local/bin/tomcat_log_backup.sh# 查看测试日志cat/var/log/tomcat_log_backup.log5. 配置Crontab定时任务通用# 编辑当前用户的crontab建议用root用户crontab-e6. 添加定时任务凌晨00:00执行# 每天凌晨00:00执行Tomcat日志备份脚本00* * * /usr/local/bin/tomcat_log_backup.sh7. 验证Crontab配置# 查看定时任务列表crontab-l# 重启cron服务区分系统# Ubuntusystemctl restartcronsystemctlenablecron# Rocky Linuxsystemctl restart crondsystemctlenablecrond六、Nginx反向代理TomcatLNMT架构闭环1. 编辑Nginx配置文件通用# Ubuntuvim/etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat_proxy.conf# Rocky Linuxvim/etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat_proxy.conf2. 配置反向代理内容server { listen 80; server_name localhost; # 替换为实际域名如tomcat.example.com # Nginx访问日志/错误日志定向到/data access_log /data/logs/nginx/tomcat_access.log main; error_log /data/logs/nginx/tomcat_error.log warn; # 反向代理Tomcat 8080端口 location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; # 连接超时 proxy_read_timeout 60s; # 读取超时 } }3. 创建Nginx日志目录并重启# 通用mkdir-p /data/logs/nginxchown-R nginx:nginx /data/logs/nginx# 检查配置语法nginx -t# 重启Nginxsystemctl restart nginx七、验证与故障排查1. 验证日志备份# 查看NAS备份目录ls-l /nas/logs/$(hostname)/$(date%Y)/$(date%m_%d)/# 查看备份脚本日志cat/var/log/tomcat_log_backup.log2. 验证Tomcat重载# 查看Tomcat进程状态ps-ef|greptomcat# 查看Tomcat服务状态systemctl status tomcat# 查看Tomcat重启日志grepreload/data/logs/tomcat/catalina.out3. 常见故障排查问题现象排查方向日志未输出到/data/logs/tomcat检查logging.properties中directory配置检查tomcat用户对/data/logs/tomcat的写入权限Crontab任务未执行查看/var/log/cronRocky或/var/log/syslogUbuntu测试脚本手动执行是否报错NAS备份失败检查/nas/logs挂载状态df -h检查目标目录权限chmod 755Tomcat重载失败检查tomcat.service配置执行systemctl daemon-reload查看journalctl -u tomcat八、生产环境优化建议日志轮转配置logrotate管理Tomcat/Nginx日志避免单文件过大# 示例Tomcat logrotate配置/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat/data/logs/tomcat/*.log{daily rotate7compress delaycompress missingok notifempty create644tomcat tomcat}监控告警对接PrometheusGrafana监控Tomcat状态或配置脚本失败时邮件/钉钉告警权限加固禁止root运行Tomcat/Nginx限制日志目录仅对应用户可读写NAS容灾确保NAS存储做RAID/异地备份避免日志丢失JVM优化根据业务调整Tomcat的JVM参数CATALINA_OPTS避免OOM。九、系统差异速查表操作项Ubuntu 22.04Rocky Linux 9防火墙ufw disablesystemctl stop firewalldSElinux无setenforce 0 修改/etc/selinux/configJDK路径/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdkCron服务croncrondMySQL/MariaDB默认安装MariaDB 10.6推荐安装MySQL 8.0